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Iran War: Peace Action Needed

In Being a World Citizen, Conflict Resolution, Cultural Bridges, Current Events, Humanitarian Law, International Justice, Middle East & North Africa, NGOs, Nonviolence, Peacebuilding, Solidarity, The Search for Peace, Track II, United Nations, United States, World Law on April 6, 2026 at 8:00 AM

By René Wadlow

Since the month-old United States (U.S.) and Israeli military attacks against the Islamic Republic of Iran began, the Association of World Citizens (AWC) has called for negotiations in good faith to bring the war to a halt. The war is destructive of life and property. From the very start, it has been in danger of spreading to other countries. There are real dangers of miscalculations by the military that will lead to deeper military escalation.

The AWC has stressed that the war is a violation of international law as structured in the Charter of the United Nations. The war has also led to violations of international humanitarian law as structured in the Geneva Conventions. There have been attacks on schools, health facilities, and essential economic infrastructure. The war has led to a large number of persons being displaced.

U.S. President Donald Trump has recently warned the Iranian authorities that the USA could bomb Iran “back to the Stone Age” if the Iranian authorities did not meet U.S. demands for an agreement. In reality, Iran and Persia before it had long left the Stone Age and made important contributions to world culture.

Thus, strong efforts must be made through both the United Nations and Nongovernmental Organizations such as AWC for an end to the armed conflict and the start of a harmonious regional society. Your help in these vital efforts is much appreciated.

Prof. René Wadlow is President of the Association of World Citizens.

Pakistan-Afghanistan Armed Conflict: Humanitarian Law Needs to be Upheld

In Being a World Citizen, Conflict Resolution, Current Events, Humanitarian Law, International Justice, Middle East & North Africa, NGOs, Peacebuilding, Solidarity, The Search for Peace, World Law on March 19, 2026 at 7:00 AM

By René Wadlow

The Association of World Citizens (AWC) calls upon the military authorities of Pakistan and Afghanistan to uphold international humanitarian law, in particular the protection of medical and health installations.

More than 400 people were killed and at least 265 others were injured in a Pakistani airstrike on a drug rehabilitation center, Camp Phoenix, in Kabul, Afghanistan on March 15, 2026. Camp Phoenix, known locally as Omid Camp – Camp of Hope – has been for over a decade a drug treatment center. Afghanistan has a good number of people who have become dependent on the use of drugs. Thus, the drug treatment center meets a real need.

Pakistan declared war on Afghanistan in late February 2026 for harboring Pakistani Taliban, a militant group which has repeatedly attacked Pakistani security forces. Over the past three weeks, Pakistani forces have hit Afghan military installations, residential areas, and civilian infrastructures, including more than 20 health care facilities. Afghan troops have responded with drone strikes and border raids. For the moment, a negotiated end to the armed conflict seems unlikely. Violence may expand.

Thus, there is a need to uphold international humanitarian law, of which the protection of medical centers and medical workers is a core element. The AWC welcomes others who also facilitate international humanitarian law in these critical times.

Prof. René Wadlow is President of the Association of World Citizens.

Of related interest:

February 10, 2025: Strengthening Respect for International Humanitarian Law

October 11, 2024: World Citizen Appeal to Uphold International Humanitarian Law

March 2, 2022: Upholding International Humanitarian Law in Times of Armed Conflict: A World Citizen Appeal

Cooperative Peacebuilding Efforts Urgently Needed

In Being a World Citizen, Conflict Resolution, Cultural Bridges, Current Events, Humanitarian Law, NGOs, Nonviolence, Peacebuilding, Solidarity, The Search for Peace, Track II, United Nations, World Law on March 10, 2026 at 7:00 AM

By René Wadlow

At this time when there is armed conflict and strong political tensions in world society, broadly-based efforts are needed to develop a harmonious political culture based on world law. A political culture is a set of attitudes and beliefs which give order and meaning to a political process. Such a positive political culture is a product of both the collective history of a political system and the life histories of the members of that system.

“To establish conditions under which justice and the respect for the obligations arising from treaties and other sources of international law can be maintained” is one of the four objectives of the United Nations (UN) as set out in the preamble to the Charter, firmly related to the three other aims: the prevention of war, respect for human rights, and social progress. The phrasing of the aims rightly stresses not the enactment of international law but rather the need to “establish conditions” under which justice and respect for international law is possible.

Respect for international law should place limitations upon the number of options open to a government in choosing how to carry out a policy in foreign affairs. The most fundamental limitation is the prohibition on using military action except in self-defense against aggression.

When abuse of State power, denial of human rights, corruption, and the absence of participation in decision-making are the daily routine, people look upon law as a method to establish justice. The rule of law at both the international and national level must be based on a social consensus.

Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs) can play a vital role in developing this social consensus on the rule of law. NGOs have proven that they can respond effectively to the challenges faced by today’s world society. Thus, there is a growing role for NGOs within the UN system in the making and implementation of policies. NGOs are involved more than ever before in global policy-making and project implementation. They bring citizens’ concerns to governments and advocate specific policies.

Today, with armed violence ongoing in many parts of the world, cooperative peacebuilding efforts are urgently needed. NGOs are playing an increasing role in such peacebuilding efforts and must be encouraged.

Prof. René Wadlow is President of the Association of World Citizens.

UN System Weakened by U.S. Retreats

In Being a World Citizen, Conflict Resolution, Current Events, Human Rights, NGOs, Peacebuilding, Solidarity, The Search for Peace, Track II, United Nations, United States, Women's Rights, World Law on January 12, 2026 at 7:40 AM

By René Wadlow

On January 7, 2026, the United States (U.S.) government announced that it was withdrawing from membership (and thus financial contribution) to 31 United Nations (UN) bodies and programs. According to U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio, these institutions and programs are “redundant in their scope, mismanaged, unnecessary, wasteful, poorly run and captured by the interests of actors advancing their own agendas contrary to our own.” He added, “Many of these bodies promote radical climate policies, global governance and ideological programs that conflict with U.S. sovereignty and economic strength.”

The U.S. withdrawal comes at a time when the UN as a whole (the 193 member States) is in the process of evaluating UN structures and programs (UN 80). The results of this evaluation should be presented later this year.

A good number of the programs from which the United States of America (USA) is withdrawing are based or have activities in Geneva, Switzerland. As an NGO representative to the UN in Geneva, I have interacted with many of these programs and the Secretariat members. At this time when there are real challenges in the world society, the withdrawal of the USA weakens the UN system as a whole. The representatives of Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs) in consultative status will increase their activities so that the intellectual dynamics will not be weakened, but NGOs cannot fill the financial gap.

One of the bodies marked for withdrawal is the International Law Commission. A colleague from Egypt who taught international law at the University of Geneva was a leading member of the Commission and had a deep understanding of Middle East culture. Stronger respect for international law in the Middle East remains a real need.

Another institution is the Geneva-based International Trade Center where I had a good friend in the Secretariat. The Trade Center helped developing countries negotiate contracts with transnational corporations. These corporations usually have sophisticated lawyers to write contracts, not the case for many developing countries. Thus, the work of the Trade Center filled a real need.

The UN Institute for Training and Research has its headquarters in New York, but many of its activities were Geneva-based and so the Secretariat cooperated with Geneva-based NGOs. The same holds true for the UN University with headquarters in Japan but with many Geneva-based activities.

The USA is withdrawing from support for the Office of the Special Representative for Children in Armed Conflict, from the UN Entity for Gender Equality, and from the Special Representative on Sexual Violence in Conflict – all issues on which the Association of World Citizens has been active. The USA is leaving the UN Alliance of Civilizations at a time when cross-cultural understanding is a vital need.

Many of the UN activities which the USA is leaving have dedicated U.S. citizens in the Secretariat. I am not sure what their status will be once the withdrawal is complete.

The USA is also withdrawing from the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, the key instrument on climate change issues. The consequences of climate change are being increasingly felt, and U.S. action would be needed.

As I noted, the representatives of NGOs will have to increase sharply their activities in the UN bodies and programs. The challenges facing us are heavy, and constructive action is urgently needed.

Prof. René Wadlow is President of the Association of World Citizens.

BOOK REVIEW: Jenny Lecoat, “The Girl from the Channel Islands”

In Antisemitism, Being a World Citizen, Book Review, Europe, Fighting Racism, Human Rights, Literature, Middle East & North Africa, Solidarity, Spirituality, War Crimes, World Law on January 5, 2026 at 8:00 AM

By Raphael Cohen-Almagor

Jenny Lecoat, The Girl from the Channel Islands.
New York: Graydon House, 2021, 304pp.

It is hard to stay human when wolves rule your world. It is harder still to hold on to your values when those very values might cost you your life. Most people, when faced with terror and deprivation, bend to the wind of fear. Compassion becomes a luxury, conscience an inconvenience. They retreat into the narrow shelter of survival.

But now and then, there are exceptions—rare, luminous moments when the human spirit refuses to break. Jenny Lecoat’s Hedy’s War tells one such story: a story of love and courage that endures amid the ruins of occupied Europe.

The novel is based on true events that unfolded on the island of Jersey during the Nazi occupation. Hedy, a Jewish woman who fled Vienna in search of safety, finds herself trapped once more under Nazi rule, this time on British soil. The irony is cruel, almost unbearable. And yet, against all odds, kindness finds her.

Anton, a man the regime calls Aryan, sees beyond race and propaganda. To him, Hedy is not an enemy or an inferior being but a friend—someone worth risking his life for. Dorothea, a local Jersey woman, shares his instinctive decency. She befriends Hedy not out of ideology but from an uncalculated sense of humanity, a natural warmth that refuses to be extinguished by fear.

Then comes Kurt, a German officer, who is drawn to Hedy’s quiet strength and beauty without knowing her origins. When the truth is revealed, he feels betrayed not by her identity, but by the lie their world demands they live. He rejects the Nazi myth of blood and purity, and instead chooses love—a dangerous, almost impossible act in his position.

Together, these three—Anton, Dorothea, and Kurt—form a fragile circle of protection around Hedy. They risk everything for her, defying a regime built on suspicion and cruelty. That she survived at all is a miracle; that she did so because of their compassion is a testament to the stubborn endurance of the human heart.

Hedy’s War is, above all, a story about moral clarity in an age of confusion. It reminds us that decency can survive even in the shadow of atrocity, that friendship and love can outlast the machinery of hate.

Hedy’s story is rare—precisely because most did not act this way. Most looked away, stayed silent, survived by doing nothing. But this book honours those who did not. It pays tribute to the small, unrecorded acts of goodness that saved lives, and to the few who kept their humanity when the world around them had lost its soul.

Jenny Lecoat captures, with quiet strength, the moral choices of ordinary people confronted by extraordinary evil. Her novel reminds us that even in an age of darkness, there were those who defied hatred, who chose decency over obedience, and love over fear. Lecoat writes with restraint and grace, allowing the quiet heroism of her characters to shine through the fog of occupation.

A moving and deeply humane story of courage, compassion, and moral integrity sustained against impossible odds.

Dorothea Weber who hid Hedwig Bercu from German forces occupying Jersey was posthumously awarded the “Righteous Among the Nations” honour for showing “extraordinary courage” during the holocaust.

The True Story Behind Hedy’s War

Hedwig Bercu (1919–2018) was an Austrian Jewish woman who fled Vienna after the Nazi annexation in 1938. She found refuge on the British island of Jersey, hoping to rebuild her life far from persecution. But in 1940, the Nazis invaded the Channel Islands—the only British territory they would occupy during the war.

Hedwig, known to her friends as Hedy, was trapped once more under Nazi rule. She worked as a translator for the German authorities, her fluency in languages allowing her a precarious survival. When her Jewish identity was discovered, she faced arrest and likely deportation to a concentration camp.

It was then that Dorothea Le Brocq (later Weber), a young local woman who worked with her, chose to act. Defying the occupation authorities, Dorothea and her future husband, Anton Weber, a German soldier disillusioned with the regime, hid Hedy in their home in St Helier. For eighteen months, the couple risked their lives daily to protect her.

Several accounts also identify Kurt Newmann, a German officer stationed on the island, as a further — and deeply complicating — presence. Reportedly drawn to Hedy’s intelligence and dignity, Newmann rejected the racial doctrines he was ordered to enforce. His attitude, whether motivated by conscience, love, or both, ultimately translated into intervention at critical moments: misdirecting inquiries, softening official scrutiny, and risking censure for showing leniency. Where many officers obeyed doctrine, Newmann’s conduct — as reported — helped enlarge the circle of protection around Hedy.

Hedy lived in a secret space within their house, emerging only at night. Neighbours suspected nothing. Dorothea and Kurt brought her food and company, while Anton used his position within the occupying forces to divert attention and suspicion. Their courage was not just an act of resistance—it was an act of profound humanity.

When liberation finally came in 1945, Hedy survived, against all odds. Her story remained largely untold for decades, overshadowed by the larger tragedy of the Holocaust. But her survival, thanks to Dorothea and Anton, stands as one of the Channel Islands’ most remarkable accounts of friendship and moral courage under occupation.

In 2016, Yad Vashem recognised Dorothea Weber as Righteous Among the Nations for saving Hedy Bercu—a belated but deeply deserved honour.

Jenny Lecoat’s novel Hedy’s War (2020) fictionalises this true story, capturing its emotional depth and moral resonance. Lecoat herself grew up in Jersey, the daughter of islanders who lived through the occupation, giving her account both intimacy and authenticity.

Prof. Raphael Cohen-Almagor is an Israeli-British academic.

Thailand-Cambodia: Urgent Ceasefire Needed

In Asia, Being a World Citizen, Conflict Resolution, Cultural Bridges, Current Events, International Justice, NGOs, Nonviolence, Peacebuilding, Solidarity, Spirituality, The Search for Peace, Track II, United Nations, United States, World Law on December 10, 2025 at 7:00 PM

By René Wadlow

The Association of World Citizens (AWC) calls for an urgent ceasefire in the renewed armed conflict between Thailand and Cambodia which flared up again on December 8, 2025 with the Thai military launching airstrikes on Cambodia.

A ceasefire had been agreed to in July 2025 in negotiations led by U.S. mediators. There is a 500-mile frontier between the two countries. The frontier was drawn when Cambodia was under French rule. Thailand contests the frontier lines.

Prasat Preah Vihear, the temple claimed by both Thailand and Cambodia (C) PsamatheM

The decades-long dispute has already displaced many persons on both sides of the frontier. The frontier area on both sides has a large number of landmines planted making the whole area unsafe. The disputed area contains a Buddhist temple which should be a symbol of peace and harmony but is now a factor in the dispute.

The AWC stresses that urgent measures of conflict resolution should be undertaken. Nongovernmental Organizations may be able to play a positive role in such efforts. Contacts should be undertaken now.

Prof. René Wadlow is President of the Association of World Citizens.

Renewed Appeal for Mediation in Sudan Civil War

In Africa, Being a World Citizen, Conflict Resolution, Current Events, Human Rights, Humanitarian Law, International Justice, NGOs, Peacebuilding, Solidarity, Sudan, The Search for Peace, Track II, United Nations, War Crimes, World Law on November 3, 2025 at 7:45 AM

By René Wadlow

In response to the reports of mass killings earlier this month, including persons in hospital beds in El-Fasher, Sudan, by members of the Rapid Support Forces (RSF), the Association of World Citizens (AWC) has called for strong UN efforts to mediate an end to the civil war in Sudan.

A civil war has gone on since April 2023 in Sudan between the Rapid Support Forces led by General Mohamed Hamdan, known by his battle name of Hemedti, and the Sudanese Armed Forces then led by General Abdul Fattah al-Burham. Each of the two generals has created local militias which rob, torture, rape, and create conditions of disorder.  Many of these militias use child soldiers in violation of UN treaties on the protection of children.  The civil war has led to some 150,000 persons killed and 10 million displaced.

The capture of El-Fasher came after more than 500 days of siege. Already on June 13, 2024, the UN Security Council called for an end to the siege of El-Fasher, capital of the North Darfur Province of Sudan. The Council requested all parties to enable lifesaving aid to enter El-Fasher, the center of the most vicious fighting in the province. Unfortunately, the Security Council appeal fell on deaf ears.

The AWC does not underestimate the difficulties of mediation to end the Sudan Civil War.  There has been armed conflict in Sudan since the eve of independence in the mid-1950s. These conflicts were organized along ethnic and religious lines. The conflicts led to the creation of a new state, South Sudan, where tensions are also strong.

Mediation efforts should be carried out under UN responsibility. However, Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs) may play a positive role.

Mediation is about men and women, and the attitudes that make for conflict between them. The attempt to bring about a change in understanding will include continual interpretation of what the others are saying, explanations of their attitudes, and exposure of false rumors – roles which NGOs can play.

Prof. René Wadlow is President of the Association of World Citizens.

Crucial Middle East Negotiations: A Ray of Hope at Last?

In Being a World Citizen, Conflict Resolution, Current Events, Humanitarian Law, Middle East & North Africa, NGOs, Nonviolence, Peacebuilding, Solidarity, The Search for Peace, Track II, United Nations, United States, War Crimes, World Law on October 13, 2025 at 7:00 AM

By René Wadlow

Close attention needs to be focused on the deadly and destructive conflict in the Gaza Strip and the multi-party negotiations being held in the Egyptian city of Sharm El-Sheikh. The elite of Middle East diplomacy are in Sharm El-Sheikh these days, including Steve Withoff and Jared Kushner from the USA, the Israeli Strategic Affairs Minister Ron Derner, Khalil Al-Hayya, the head of the Hamas negotiation team, and Mohammed Al-Hindi of the Palestinian Islamic Jihad which holds some of the 20 living Israeli hostages.

The exchange of Israeli hostages – 20 living and the bodies of 28 who have died – and some 2,000 Palestinian prisoners held in Israeli jails and army camps is the first order of business. The exchange should take place on Monday, October 13. President Donald Trump should go first to Israel and then Egypt on Monday to start multi-party negotiations with implications for the wider Middle East.

The negotiations are being held against a politically unstable situation in Israel and the USA where in both there are deep divisions among political parties. The armed conflict in the Gaza Strip could start again with “We tried negotiations and they failed” as a battle theme.

As the representatives of UN Consultative Status NGO, we must see how we can build on these advances toward a stable peace. There is much at stake, and we must be ready to take action.

Prof. René Wadlow is President of the Association of World Citizens.

Gaza Strip Peace Plan: Making Peace Without Peacemakers?

In Being a World Citizen, Conflict Resolution, Current Events, Humanitarian Law, Middle East & North Africa, NGOs, Nonviolence, Peacebuilding, Solidarity, The Search for Peace, Track II, United Nations, United States, World Law on October 6, 2025 at 7:00 PM

By René Wadlow

(An earlier version of this piece was published on Transcend Media Service.)

On September 29, 2025, United States (U.S.) President Donald Trump presented his 20-point Peace Plan for the Gaza Strip which sets out a ceasefire, a release of hostages held by the Palestinian Islamic Resistance Movement (Hamas) and its armed allies, a dismantling of Hamas’ military structures, the withdrawal of Israeli troops, and the creation of an international “Board of Peace” to supervise the administration of the Gaza Strip with President Trump as chair and former British Prime Minister Tony Blair as the chief administrator. Relief supplies to meet human needs would be facilitated. The plan concerns only the Gaza Strip and does not deal directly with the West Bank where tensions are strong.

The plan has been presented to the Israeli Prime Minister, Benyamin Netanyahu who was in Washington, D.C. and to Arab leaders who were at the United Nations in New York. The plan has been given to Hamas’ leaders through intermediaries, but Hamas’ leadership has been severely weakened by deaths. Thus, it is not clear how decision-making will be done by Hamas. The plan has also been presented to the Palestinian Authority (PA) in Ramallah, led by Mahmoud Abbas, but the PA would play no part in the Gaza Strip’s future. The plan is being widely discussed, but no official decisions have been announced.

The Gaza Peace Plan has some of the approach of the Transcend proposals (1) with, in addition, the possibility of violence if the Gaza Peace Plan is not carried out. Threats of violence are not among Transcend’s tools. One of the distinctive aspects of Transcend and the broader peace research movement is to present specific proposals for transcending current conflicts through an analysis of the roots of the conflict, the dangers if the conflict continues as it is going, and then the measures to take. (2) The Israeli-Palestinian conflict is one which presents dangers to the whole region if creative actions are not taken very soon. We must act now. We cannot wait for President Trump to do it for us.

Notes:

(1) Transcend Media Service, “The Time Has Arrived for a Comprehensive Middle East Peace”, Jeffrey D. Sachs and Sybil Fares, July 7, 2025.
(2) See:
Johan Galtung, The True Worlds (New York/The Free Press/1980/469pp)
John Paul Lederach, Preparing for Peace (Syracuse, NY/Syracuse University Press/1995/133pp)

Prof. René Wadlow is President of the Association of World Citizens.

The Spirit of Woman, Life and Liberty Continues

In Being a World Citizen, Current Events, Human Rights, Middle East & North Africa, Solidarity, Women's Rights, World Law on September 23, 2025 at 6:55 AM

By René Wadlow

Three years have passed since protests began in Iran at the announcement of the death in police custody of 22-year-old Mahsa (Jina) Amini, having been arrested by the “morality police” for having some of her hair beyond the hijab (veil). She was an ethnic Kurd. The protests began on September 3, 2022 in the Kurdish areas of Iran but soon spread to all ethnic groups and to many parts of the country.

Women have been a central focus of the social policy of the Iranian Islamic government. Even before coming to power in 1979, Ayatollah Khomeini from his exile in France had said that the overly great liberty of women was a chief obstacle to his policies. Repressive policies against women with compulsory veiling laws were quickly put into place once he came into power.

On Mare Street in Hackney, London, UK, a Mahsa Jina Amini mural painted by artist Sophie Mess in collaboration with Peachzz. (C) Loco Steve

“Woman, Life, Liberty” became the battle cry of the 2022 protests, and the refusal to have a hijab was the external symbol of the protests. Although the protests were harshly repressed, the Iranian people’s courage could not be silenced. Since 2022, Iranian society has been significantly modified. There is an increased defiance of women who refuse to wear the mandatory hijab in public. Unveiled women are seen walking through stores and banks. Government leaders have appeared on posters with unveiled women as “martyrs” killed in the recent bombing by Israel and the USA.

There are some policymakers in the government of President Masoud Pezeshkian who cautiously propose reforms while hardliners double down on restrictions, and people are arrested, accused of “propaganda against the state”. The many socioeconomic currents present in Iran today merit being watched closely.

Prof. René Wadlow is President of the Association of World Citizens.