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BOOK REVIEW: David Cortright, “Peace: A History of Movements and Ideas”

In Being a World Citizen, Book Review, Conflict Resolution, Current Events, Europe, NGOs, Peacebuilding, Solidarity, The Search for Peace, Track II on January 6, 2026 at 8:00 AM

By René Wadlow

David Cortright, Peace: A History of Movements and Ideas

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008, 376pp.

Peacemaking has always been an art rather than a science. As with painting, there is a pallet with a range of colors, and it is up to the artist to know how to combine these colors, sometimes in pure form and at other times mixed together to paint a picture, sometimes of a peaceful field and at other times a scene of revolt. David Cortright, Director of Policy Studies at Notre Dame’s Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies and an activist especially on nuclear arms issues, has set out a clear and up-to-date history of the ideas and movements that make up the colors on the peace pallet. While the book has been out for some time, I review it now as a first-rate overview of peace efforts and ideologies.

As with colors in art, there are a limited number of ideas which can be used, sometimes alone and sometimes in combinations. Likewise, there are a limited number of people in the peace brigades, and they are usually found in different campaigns, often the same people in different uniforms. Open conflicts provide us with test cases of how ideas concerning peace and conflict resolution can be put together, and we see how the peace brigades will form themselves to meet the challenge.

Cartright gives us a good overview of the development of nineteenth century peace societies. They were born in the USA and England from the success of collective action against slavery and the slave trade. If the age-old institution of slavery could be abolished by a combination of law, religious concern and changing public opinion, could not war be abolished in the same way? Religious-motivated action, work to influence public opinion, and legal restraints on war have continued to be the chief colors of the peace pallet.

The Hague Peace Conferences of 1899 and 1907 were milestones in the development of world law, of faith in the power of mandatory arbitration, and for the need of world courts. The Hague legal spirit was most prominently displayed slightly later by President Woodrow Wilson who had long espoused arbitration, the strengthening of international law and multilateral cooperation. The League of Nations and the United Nations are the embodiment of the Wilsonian vision. As H.G. Wells wrote in The Shape of Things to Come, “For a brief interval Wilson stood alone for humankind…in that brief interval there was a very extraordinary and significant wave of response to him throughout the earth.”

Wilson remains the ‘father figure’ of peace through law and multilateral governmental action just as Mahatma Gandhi does for nonviolent action. As Martin Luther King Jr. wrote, “Gandhi was probably the first person in history to lift the love ethic of Jesus above mere interaction between individuals to a powerful and effective social force on a large scale.”

Peace efforts require images for a complex set of ideas, and Wilson and Gandhi provide that image of the heroes of peace. Wilson and Gandhi represent the two steady sources of inspiration for peace workers — those working for the rule of law and human rights and those working to translate religious insights into political action. It is not always easy to get the two traditions to work together.

As Cortright notes, “In May 1999, nearly 10,000 peace advocates from around the world gathered in Holland for the Hague Appeal for Peace, one of the largest citizen peace conferences in history…The 1999 Hague Appeal was intended to launch a new era of citizen-initiated peacemaking. As preparations for the conference took place, however, NATO forces launched a bombing campaign against Serbia to force its withdrawal from Kosovo. While the official conference proceedings unfolded, hundreds of activists gathered in basement conference rooms for impromptu sessions to debate the pros and cons of NATO intervention. It was a heated discussion in which colleagues who had worked together for disarmament in the 1980s found themselves on opposite sides of the question of intervention in Kosovo”.

Today, as the conflicts in Syria and Iraq, as well as with the Islamic State (ISIS) terrorist group, grow in intensity and spill over to influence Turkey and Lebanon, we face many of the same issues that faced peace workers in the conflicts of former Yugoslavia: what are the sources of legitimate government and when does a government cease to be legitimate? Is there really a ‘duty to protect’ and when does this duty become only a cover for power politics as usual? How do peace workers act in “far-away places” in which both legal and moral issues are not clear.

Peace remains a painting in process; the colors are often the same, the shapes painted change. David Cortright has given us a good history, but there are no ‘how to’ guides for action.

Prof. René Wadlow is President of the Association of World Citizens.

BOOK REVIEW: William Bloom, “The Power of the New Spirituality”

In Uncategorized on January 6, 2026 at 8:00 AM

By René Wadlow

William Bloom, The Power of the New Spirituality.

Wheaton, Illinois: Quest Books, 2012, 248pp.

William Bloom who combines a long-standing interest in New Age approaches to spirituality with an identity focus in international relations (1), has written “We are in changing times. Our culture and technology are continually transforming, and the intellectual certainties of the last few hundred years are no longer secure…It is our need to find a new authenticity in our spiritual lives — to bring back fully into our consciousness — the sacred dimension of life, but we want to do this in a way that honours personal freedom and personal growth. In essence, then, we are turning to the teachings and experiences of what is called the ageless wisdom, but we are doing so with completely new attitudes”.

A key element of our changing culture is that we are discarding old religious forms and re-creating our spiritual and sacred world. Creative new attitudes, practices, and forms have been an emphasis of William Bloom. (2) As he writes, “As a teacher and author I often feel conflicted: on the one hand, I want to inspire and encourage people about their innate goodness and the wonders of creation; on the other hand, I do not want to support naiveté about the human condition. We are magnificent beings with cosmic consciousness, and yet at the same time we are also insecure and can do harm.

“Yet the current emergence and creation of a new culture is not always an easy process. It feels as if everything is being created anew. At the same time, we know that we are working with dimensions which have always been and which always shall be.”

The basis of many New Age approaches is that we live in a vast field of energy. Vibrations and atmospheres can move like waves through this field to impact others. Our thoughts, feelings and actions can cooperate with this vitality, energy and consciousness for our development and to benefit others. We find this use of energy fields in many schools of spiritual healing such as reiki, in yoga and martial arts. (3)

William Bloom sets out a three-step process for deepening and expanding our awareness, developing our hearts, and building a just, creative and benevolent world. He sets out some core skills.

The first is centering — a calm awareness, an integration of body, mind and spirit. This is best done through silent meditation, but some find music or ritual helpful. “Whatever works for you” is basically his approach. This is an approach called “mindfulness” in some Buddhist traditions and can also be helped by breathing exercises and other techniques.

The second step is to focus the heart on compassion. Visualization is one approach, such as visualizing ever wider circles of persons or places held within the field of compassion. Focusing on the Sacred Heart of Jesus is used in certain Catholic traditions.

The third step is to direct the energy field so that it is of service to others. When we are centered and heart-focused, with an encouraging psychological attitude, we create a vibration that is supportive for those around us and can be a positive influence in the wider world.

William Bloom has written a clear and helpful presentation for personal fulfillment and service to humanity.

Notes:

1) William Bloom, Personal Identity, National Identity and International Relations (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993)
2) William Bloom, First Steps: An Introduction to Spiritual Practice (Forres, Scotland: Findhorn Press, 1993)
3) Barbara Ann Brennan, Hands of Light: Guide to Healing Through the Human Energy Field (New York: Bantam, 1990)

Prof. René Wadlow is President of the Association of World Citizens.

BOOK REVIEW: Bill Devall and George Sessions, “Deep Ecology: Living as if Nature Mattered”

In Uncategorized on January 6, 2026 at 8:00 AM

By René Wadlow

Bill Devall and George Sessions, Deep Ecology: Living as if Nature Mattered.

Layton, UT: Gibbs Smith, 1985, 267pp.

In his Small is Beautiful, Fritz Schumacher wrote, “In the affairs of men, there always appears to be a need for at least two things simultaneously, which on the face of it, seems to be incompatible and to exclude one another. We always need both freedom and order. We need the freedom of lots and lots of small, autonomous units, and, at the same time, the orderliness of large-scale, possibly global, unity and co-ordination.”

Likewise, there must be transformation both at the individual level as well as collective change. The two are closely linked. Only a whole and autonomous person can act, resist, walk away, and build something new. However, collective change is something more than the sum of individual changes. Collective change is a vision for a society. Thus, individual change and political action must go together.

One of the predicaments facing the emerging Green-ecology political movements is the need to gather enough people together to be a credible political force – which means general agreement upon a small number of basic options – while having a deep enough political philosophy so that people are not seduced by the current political parties using a few Green slogans. There is wide-spread support for reform environmentalism which aims to stop gross pollution, extensive despoliation of land, lakes, and seas, mistreatment of animals. But those who support such localized reforms may not see the need for a basic transformation of society and the system of values.

Yet we need planet-wide changes, for ecological awareness has shown us that the planet we live on is one inter-related system upon which we are all dependent. In order to survive, we must learn to work together to build a world beyond war, a society with sustainable development – which means sustainable agriculture and appropriate technology, wholistic approaches to education and health, a spiritual outlook based on reverence for life. Albert Schweitzer from his work in Africa re-launched the human-scale revolution by insisting that production ought to serve peoples’ real needs; that there must be a new relationship with nature; that solidarity must replace antagonism; and that there must be sane consumption and active individual participation in society.

The world as an interrelated system has come to be called the “Gaia hypothesis” after the work of James Lovelock and Lynn Margulies who wrote “We defined Gaia as a complex entity involving the earth’s biosphere, atmosphere, oceans and soil, the totality constituting a feedback or cybernetic system which seeks an optimal physical and chemical environment for life on this planet. Gaia remains a hypothesis, but much evidence suggests that many elements of this system act as the hypothesis predicts.” (Gaia is the first goddess of early Greek thought. From the void, neither born nor destroyed – what the Chinese call the Tao – Gaia danced forth and rolled herself into a spinning ball.)

Systems are integrated wholes whose properties cannot be reduced to those of smaller units. The systems approach emphasizes basic principles of organization. Thus, nature has an order, a pattern that as humans we need to understand, to respect, and to preserve. This order has intrinsic value and is the base of Life.

This book is an effort to outline the rich spiritual-religious-mystical component of the Green movements. The term “deep ecology” was coined in 1973 by Arne Naess, a social scientist and philosopher who has written widely on Mahatma Gandhi, nonviolence, and the Buddha. He wanted to describe the deeper more spiritual approach to nature exemplified by Rachel Carson and Aldo Leopold. This is a most useful analysis of Green values. The book should be widely used for discussion and political planning.

Prof. René Wadlow is President of the Association of World Citizens.

Protection of Children in Armed Conflict: Action Needed

In Africa, Being a World Citizen, Children's Rights, Conflict Resolution, Current Events, Human Rights, Humanitarian Law, NGOs, Nonviolence, Peacebuilding, Refugees, Solidarity, The Search for Peace, Track II, United Nations on January 6, 2026 at 8:00 AM

By René Wadlow

The recent armed conflicts in Darfur, Sudan, the Gaza Strip, and in the Democratic Republic of Congo have highlighted the fate of children caught in such armed conflicts. In addition to the children deliberately massacred or caught in the crossfire, many more have been deprived of their physical, mental, and emotional needs by the armed conflict. Children can be specifically targeted in strategies to eliminate the next generation. Children, especially girls, have been made the targets of sexual abuse and gender-based violence.

This brutal reality has been exacerbated by the changes in the nature of armed conflicts. Today’s conflicts are often internal, fought by multiple semi-autonomous armed groups within existing State boundaries. The international law of war governing Inter-State conflicts fought by regular armies is routinely ignored. Often the village has become the battlefield and the civilian population the primary victim.

Displaced children in North Kivu, 2007 (C) Julien Harneis

At the heart of this social disintegration is a crisis of values. Perhaps the most fundamental loss a society can suffer is the collapse of its value system. Many societies exposed to protracted armed conflicts have seen their community values radically undermined or shattered altogether. This loss has given rise to an ethical vacuum, a setting in which international standards are ignored with impunity and where local value systems have dissolved.

The world society has an obligation to focus attention on the plight of children. The Association of World Citizens (AWC) has worked to raise greater governmental and public awareness of the need for protection of children in times of armed conflict. The Convention on the Rights of the Child calls for the protection of children’s right to life, education, health, and other fundamental needs. Thus, the international standards are in place. Our task is to see that they are put into practice. Positive action is needed. This is a policy goal for 2026 of the AWC.

Prof. René Wadlow is President of the Association of World Citizens.

BOOK REVIEW: Baolin Wu and Jessica Riley, “Eye of Heaven”

In Asia, Book Review, Nonviolence, Spirituality, The Search for Peace on January 6, 2026 at 8:00 AM

By René Wadlow

Baolin Wu and Jessica Riley, Eye of Heaven.
St. Petersburg, Florida: Three Pines Press, 2025, 107pp.

The subtitle of this book is The Daoist Secret for Opening the Third Eye. The Third Eye is a path to awareness. Opening the third eye frees one’s mind from certain limitations. This is the reason that in Daoism the third eye is often referred to as the Eye of Heaven (The title of the book). One finds the same approach in Hinduism, where the third eye, placed just above the other two, is one of the seven main chakras, energy centers in the body, symbolized as a turning wheel. In Buddhism, the third eye represents the eye of consciousness and wisdom. The third eye is widely developed in Tibetan Buddhism where it represents the Gate of Heaven.

Dr.. Baolin Wu entered the Daoist White Cloud Monastery in Beijing as a young boy and was trained there in Daoist medical practice, especially acupuncture as well as in spiritual practices. The White Cloud Monastery is a highly respected center for the study of Daoist philosophy and medicine. He worked for many years in a hospital in Beijing and emigrated to the USA in 1990. The information on spiritual practices in the book comes from Dr. Baolin Wu. Jessica Riley is one of his current students in California, and the English style of the book is hers.

Throughout Chinese history, philosophical and spiritual beliefs have often been related to healing. Some of the Daoist schools emphasize internal alchemy, often as a way to reach longevity. Internal alchemy helps one to become aware of sexual energy and how to circulate, balance, preserve and reuse the energy so as to heal.

The book provides illustrated qigong exercises useful for relaxation but which are also preparation for the opening of the third eye. Work on the third eye and the higher states of consciousness is usually done with a master Daoist. Thus the book is no substitute for efforts with an advanced Daoist practitioner. However, it is a good introduction to the approach and its role in Chinese culture.

Prof. René Wadlow is President of the Association of World Citizens.

Light for the New Year

In Being a World Citizen, Cultural Bridges, Peacebuilding, Solidarity, Spirituality, The Search for Peace on January 5, 2026 at 8:00 AM

By René Wadlow

There is a tale of a Rabbi who enters into a discussion with his students about the night. He asks them, “When can one know that the night has ended and the day has begun?”. One student suggests, “When you can tell the difference between a sheep and a dog.” Another student suggests, “When you can see the difference between an olive tree and a fig tree”. “No”, replies the Rabbi, “It is the moment when you can look at a face never seen before and recognize the stranger as a brother or sister. Until that moment, no matter how bright the day, it is still night.”

In much of the world, it is still night. In 2026, the greatest challenge facing the world society is to release the enormous financial, technical, and human resources still used for military and narrow nationalist goals for ecologically-sound development. These resources will be provided only as more persons develop a profound sense of responsibility for the fate of the planet and for the well-being of the entire human family. We seek to develop a sustainable and just world. If we work together, 2026 can be a strong light for the world.

Prof. René Wadlow is President of the Association of World Citizens.

BOOK REVIEW: Camilla Reeve (Ed.) & Esme Edwards (Ed.), “So Many Unavoidable Journeys”

In Human Rights, Current Events, Solidarity, The Search for Peace, United Nations, Being a World Citizen, Migration, Refugees, NGOs, Track II, Book Review on January 5, 2026 at 8:00 AM

By René Wadlow

Camilla Reeve (Ed.) & Esme Edwards (Ed.), So Many Unavoidable Journeys.
London: Palewell Press, 2025, 125pp.

This collection devoted to the stories of migrants is “dedicated to all those who facing impossible conditions in their home, or ejected from it by hostile action, dare to seek a new place to live.” To become a migrant is never an easy choice but a profoundly sad and complex one. Migration becomes a central focus of one’s life story.

Some of the life stories cover relatively known ground. There is an account of five women who had been jailed in Evin Prison in Iran. The repression in Iran, especially of women, has become known both in Iran and outside. The repression has led to a wide-spread protest movement in Iran, known by its motto “Woman-Life-Freedom.”

Other situations are less known. There was the repression of ethnic minorities in Bhutan in the early 1990s with persons fleeing, or being deported, to Nepal which was also in turmoil. The Association of World Citizens had raised the Bhutan situation in the United Nations (UN) human rights bodies in Geneva. Pingala Dhital, who writes on the Bhutan-Nepal case, stresses the positive actions of the staff of the Geneva-based International Organization for Migration and the UN High Commissioner for Refugees.

Palewell Press is based in London. Thus, there are moving accounts of migrants from Iraq and Palestine, adapting to London life and the British structure of education.

As the South African Jan Christian Smuts wrote at the end of the First World War, “There is no doubt that Mankind is once more on the move. The very foundations have been shakened and loosened, and things are again fluid. The tents have been struck and the great caravan of Humanity is once more on the march.” Migration, chosen or forced by violence or the consequences of climate change has become a prime focus for governments and Nongovernmental Organizations. This collection catches some of the spirit of these transformations.

Prof. René Wadlow is President of the Association of World Citizens.

BOOK REVIEW: Giles Milton, “The Stalin Affair: The Impossible Alliance That Won the War”

In Being a World Citizen, Book Review, Democracy, Europe, Fighting Racism, The former Soviet Union on January 5, 2026 at 8:00 AM

By Raphael Cohen-Almagor

Giles Milton, The Stalin Affair: The Impossible Alliance That Won the War.
New York: Henry Holt and Co., 2024, 336pp.

This is a gripping narrative of the uneasy partnership between Churchill, Roosevelt and Stalin during World War II. Drawing on unpublished diaries, letters, and secret reports, Milton reveals how a diverse cast of diplomats and political figures—including U.S. billionaire envoy W. Averell Harriman, his charming daughter Kathy and Archibald “Archie” Clark Kerr, the British ambassador to the Soviet Union—worked to manage Stalin’s volatile temperament and secure Soviet cooperation against Hitler.

The book explores how Churchill, despite his deep mistrust of Stalin, recognized the strategic necessity of alliance after Hitler’s invasion of the Soviet Union. It also details the internal resistance in both Britain and the U.S., where many preferred isolationism or hoped the two dictators would destroy each other. The turning point came with Japan’s attack on Pearl Harbor and Hitler’s declaration of war on the United States, forcing a reluctant unity.

The book is filled with many small stories, impressions, romantic affairs and anecdotes that shed light on historic events and on the personalities of the three leaders who came together to fight Nazism – Churchill out of conviction, Stalin as a result of Hitler’s betrayal, and Roosevelt due to the Japanese surprise attack on the American navy in Hawaii. The colourful descriptions are captivating. Of particular interest is the story of Churchill’s “naughty document”. Officially known as the Percentages Agreement, this informal pact was struck between Winston Churchill and Joseph Stalin during the Fourth Moscow Conference in October 1944. On a simple scrap of paper, Churchill proposed dividing postwar influence in Eastern Europe by percentages—essentially carving up the region into spheres of control. The document suggested to divide post-war countries between the Soviet Union and Britain, behind Roosevelt’s back. The countries and percentages were: Romania: 90% Soviet, 10% others; Greece: 90% British (in accord with the U.S.), 10% Soviet; Yugoslavia: 50/50; Hungary: 50/50, and Bulgaria: 75% Soviet, 25% others. Churchill famously referred to it as his “naughty document” because he knew how blunt and imperialistic it appeared. He even remarked that the Americans would be “shocked” by its crudeness. Stalin reportedly ticked the paper in approval, and the agreement was honoured in some cases—most notably in Greece, where Britain retained dominant influence even during civil unrest. The document was later published in Churchill’s memoirs and has since become a symbol of the realpolitik that shaped the postwar order.

Milton paints vivid scenes of nervous negotiations, clashing personalities, festive dinners and the fragile diplomacy that held the alliance together long enough to defeat Nazi Germany—though it ultimately could not survive the postwar tense reality. The book offers both sweeping historical insight and intimate character studies, making it a compelling read for anyone interested in the political complexities behind wartime strategy.

Prof. Raphael Cohen-Almagor is an Israeli-British academic.

BOOK REVIEW: Jenny Lecoat, “The Girl from the Channel Islands”

In Antisemitism, Being a World Citizen, Book Review, Europe, Fighting Racism, Human Rights, Literature, Middle East & North Africa, Solidarity, Spirituality, War Crimes, World Law on January 5, 2026 at 8:00 AM

By Raphael Cohen-Almagor

Jenny Lecoat, The Girl from the Channel Islands.
New York: Graydon House, 2021, 304pp.

It is hard to stay human when wolves rule your world. It is harder still to hold on to your values when those very values might cost you your life. Most people, when faced with terror and deprivation, bend to the wind of fear. Compassion becomes a luxury, conscience an inconvenience. They retreat into the narrow shelter of survival.

But now and then, there are exceptions—rare, luminous moments when the human spirit refuses to break. Jenny Lecoat’s Hedy’s War tells one such story: a story of love and courage that endures amid the ruins of occupied Europe.

The novel is based on true events that unfolded on the island of Jersey during the Nazi occupation. Hedy, a Jewish woman who fled Vienna in search of safety, finds herself trapped once more under Nazi rule, this time on British soil. The irony is cruel, almost unbearable. And yet, against all odds, kindness finds her.

Anton, a man the regime calls Aryan, sees beyond race and propaganda. To him, Hedy is not an enemy or an inferior being but a friend—someone worth risking his life for. Dorothea, a local Jersey woman, shares his instinctive decency. She befriends Hedy not out of ideology but from an uncalculated sense of humanity, a natural warmth that refuses to be extinguished by fear.

Then comes Kurt, a German officer, who is drawn to Hedy’s quiet strength and beauty without knowing her origins. When the truth is revealed, he feels betrayed not by her identity, but by the lie their world demands they live. He rejects the Nazi myth of blood and purity, and instead chooses love—a dangerous, almost impossible act in his position.

Together, these three—Anton, Dorothea, and Kurt—form a fragile circle of protection around Hedy. They risk everything for her, defying a regime built on suspicion and cruelty. That she survived at all is a miracle; that she did so because of their compassion is a testament to the stubborn endurance of the human heart.

Hedy’s War is, above all, a story about moral clarity in an age of confusion. It reminds us that decency can survive even in the shadow of atrocity, that friendship and love can outlast the machinery of hate.

Hedy’s story is rare—precisely because most did not act this way. Most looked away, stayed silent, survived by doing nothing. But this book honours those who did not. It pays tribute to the small, unrecorded acts of goodness that saved lives, and to the few who kept their humanity when the world around them had lost its soul.

Jenny Lecoat captures, with quiet strength, the moral choices of ordinary people confronted by extraordinary evil. Her novel reminds us that even in an age of darkness, there were those who defied hatred, who chose decency over obedience, and love over fear. Lecoat writes with restraint and grace, allowing the quiet heroism of her characters to shine through the fog of occupation.

A moving and deeply humane story of courage, compassion, and moral integrity sustained against impossible odds.

Dorothea Weber who hid Hedwig Bercu from German forces occupying Jersey was posthumously awarded the “Righteous Among the Nations” honour for showing “extraordinary courage” during the holocaust.

The True Story Behind Hedy’s War

Hedwig Bercu (1919–2018) was an Austrian Jewish woman who fled Vienna after the Nazi annexation in 1938. She found refuge on the British island of Jersey, hoping to rebuild her life far from persecution. But in 1940, the Nazis invaded the Channel Islands—the only British territory they would occupy during the war.

Hedwig, known to her friends as Hedy, was trapped once more under Nazi rule. She worked as a translator for the German authorities, her fluency in languages allowing her a precarious survival. When her Jewish identity was discovered, she faced arrest and likely deportation to a concentration camp.

It was then that Dorothea Le Brocq (later Weber), a young local woman who worked with her, chose to act. Defying the occupation authorities, Dorothea and her future husband, Anton Weber, a German soldier disillusioned with the regime, hid Hedy in their home in St Helier. For eighteen months, the couple risked their lives daily to protect her.

Several accounts also identify Kurt Newmann, a German officer stationed on the island, as a further — and deeply complicating — presence. Reportedly drawn to Hedy’s intelligence and dignity, Newmann rejected the racial doctrines he was ordered to enforce. His attitude, whether motivated by conscience, love, or both, ultimately translated into intervention at critical moments: misdirecting inquiries, softening official scrutiny, and risking censure for showing leniency. Where many officers obeyed doctrine, Newmann’s conduct — as reported — helped enlarge the circle of protection around Hedy.

Hedy lived in a secret space within their house, emerging only at night. Neighbours suspected nothing. Dorothea and Kurt brought her food and company, while Anton used his position within the occupying forces to divert attention and suspicion. Their courage was not just an act of resistance—it was an act of profound humanity.

When liberation finally came in 1945, Hedy survived, against all odds. Her story remained largely untold for decades, overshadowed by the larger tragedy of the Holocaust. But her survival, thanks to Dorothea and Anton, stands as one of the Channel Islands’ most remarkable accounts of friendship and moral courage under occupation.

In 2016, Yad Vashem recognised Dorothea Weber as Righteous Among the Nations for saving Hedy Bercu—a belated but deeply deserved honour.

Jenny Lecoat’s novel Hedy’s War (2020) fictionalises this true story, capturing its emotional depth and moral resonance. Lecoat herself grew up in Jersey, the daughter of islanders who lived through the occupation, giving her account both intimacy and authenticity.

Prof. Raphael Cohen-Almagor is an Israeli-British academic.

RECENSION (BOOK REVIEW IN FRENCH) : Ghita El Khyari, «La Négociatrice»

In Middle East & North Africa, Current Events, Solidarity, Conflict Resolution, The Search for Peace, United Nations, Being a World Citizen, NGOs, Track II, Syria, UKRAINE, Peacebuilding, Book Review on January 5, 2026 at 8:00 AM

Par Bernard J. Henry

Ghita el Khyari, La Négociatrice.
Publishdrive Incorporated, 2025, 267 pp.

Peut-il y avoir pire manière de commencer une recension qu’en jugeant le livre dont l’on va parler rien qu’à sa couverture ? Non, bien entendu. Alors, autant faire le contraire et ne pas se gêner. Quand on tombe sur un livre comme La Négociatrice, ce n’est pas seulement le principe qui le commande mais, plus encore, le besoin impérieux de prévenir la lectrice ou le lecteur de l’erreur terrible qu’elle ou il commettrait en s’arrêtant à ce que laisse penser sa couverture. Et pourtant … 

Dès l’abord, le ton est donné : une jeune femme brune fait face à la salle vide du Conseil de Sécurité des Nations Unies, comme se demandant que faire lorsque les représentants permanents des Etats membres seront là, eux dont le vote – ou le veto – est pour tout projet onusien une question de vie ou de mort. La Négociatrice, c’est donc potentiellement L’Interprète de Sydney Pollack, incarnée par Nicole Kidman, ou Keira Knightley dans Official Secrets de Gavin Hood en 2019, traductrice confrontée à un dilemme à la Mordechai Vanunu en ce début d’année 2003 où Etats-Unis et Grande-Bretagne s’apprêtent à attaquer l’Irak de Saddam Hussein sous prétexte de la détention par le pays d’armes nucléaires prohibées. Mais, justement, voilà pourquoi il ne faut jamais juger un livre à sa couverture.

Non, La Négociatrice n’est pas film d’espionnage sous forme de roman. Dans une uchronie, puisqu’il s’agit de la Syrie sous les Assad qui n’existe plus depuis le 8 décembre 2024 et la libération aussi inattendue qu’inespérée du pays, il va être question d’ouvrir enfin une fenêtre pour la réconciliation nationale. Et La Négociatrice, c’est Alya Nasser, fonctionnaire des Nations Unies que le communiqué officiel annonçant sa nomination présente ainsi :

«Madame Nasser apporte à ce poste des années d’expérience politique et diplomatique, pour avoir servi aussi bien au sein de son gouvernement qu’à l’ONU.

Madame Nasser a occupé plusieurs fonctions au sein de l’organisation, ayant notamment été Coordonnatrice spéciale pour le Liban et Représentante adjointe du Programme des Nations Unies pour le Développement en Afghanistan.

Madame Nasser est née à Paris en 1976. Elle est diplômée de Sciences Po Paris et de l’université de Harvard».

Une annonce plus vraie que les vraies, et ce n’est pas hasard. L’auteure, Ghita el Khyari, n’est pas juste une romancière bien informée ou qui aura avant d’écrire, selon l’expression consacrée depuis la pandémie de Covid-19, «fait ses recherches». Ce milieu de la diplomatie et des relations internationales, c’est le sien depuis vingt ans. Après avoir effectué la majeure partie de sa carrière à l’ONU et servi dans de nombreux pays, elle a voulu prendre une pause et quitté son poste pour revenir à des envies jusqu’alors délaissées, à commencer par l’écriture. Et s’il est vrai que le fruit ne tombe jamais loin de l’arbre, alors La Négociatrice est le pur fruit de son arbre, ni trop sucré comme du Sidney Sheldon, ni trop salé comme du John Le Carré, le récit pur et vrai, bien que fictif, d’une mission diplomatique risquée.

Alya Nasser n’est jamais vraiment menacée par les uns ou les autres dans sa mission en Syrie, sa pire ennemie s’avérant être l’invasion de l’Ukraine par la Russie en février 2022 qui éloigne le regard de la communauté internationale de la Syrie exsangue. Risquée, la mission ne l’est pourtant pas moins, les dangers venant de ce que le grand public ne peut pas percevoir dans ce milieu diplomatique international, ce milieu qui, comme le souligne l’auteure, reste encore méconnu et qu’elle entend nous présenter, ainsi que les personnes qui l’habitent.

Trop souvent encore, ce milieu n’existe souvent dans l’esprit du grand public que par la caricature, celle d’un milieu fermé de privilégiés où l’on gagne des fortunes en se faisant plaisir. Je me demande quant à moi quel genre de plaisir a pu éprouver Sergio Vieira de Mello, l’Emissaire spécial du Secrétaire général des Nations Unies en Irak, également Haut Commissaire des Nations Unies pour les Droits Humains, lorsqu’il a été assassiné lors de l’attentat terroriste contre l’Hôtel Canal à Bagdad du 19 août 2003, ou bien quelle pensée il a eu, en se voyant mourir, pour ce qu’il ne pourrait pas faire de son salaire à la fin du mois. Les clichés ont la vie dure, et l’on aime toujours tant soi-même haïr ce que l’on rêverait dans le même temps de voir ses enfants devenir, soutien financier assuré pour ses vieux jours à la clé.

Alya Nasser n’est pas une demi-déesse invincible, pas plus qu’une pauvre victime d’un système où, même dans le monde de l’après-MeToo, les femmes peinent encore à percer le plafond de verre et, quand bien même elles y parviennent comme Francesca Albanese, Représentante spéciale des Nations Unies sur les Territoires palestiniens, en paient le prix fort – au sens strict du terme.

Passionnée par son travail, idéaliste libérale – au sens de l’école du même nom des relations internationales, en bonne onusienne qu’elle est – Alya Nasser veut arriver à ses fins, quitte à perdre de vue les moyens au profit de la fin. Non par arrivisme, mais parce que le récit la trouve alors qu’elle a déjà commis l’irréparable. Elle s’est oubliée.

Alya a oublié qu’elle était une femme, dans un milieu professionnel où redescend encore trop lentement la testostérone. Alors même qu’un épisode MeToo impliquant son supérieur direct lui-même vient brutalement le lui rappeler, elle doit affronter l’idée qu’elle n’a pas su gérer les liens féminins les plus importants de son existence, avec sa mère qui n’en peut plus de souffrir en silence dans son couple, sa meilleure amie et ancienne camarade de fac qui ne parvient plus à réconcilier carrière professionnelle et vie de famille, mais aussi, plus tragiquement encore, avec sa petite nièce qu’elle adore sans pourtant l’avoir jamais trop vue, cette petite fille qui lui met devant les yeux l’enfant qu’elle, en revanche, ne pourra jamais avoir, celui que la biologie lui refuse et ne pourrait venir que par adoption.

Au masculin, Alya affronte aussi Gabriel, son ancien compagnon qu’elle croise ici et là, qui l’abandonne à son sort dans un aéroport italien puis refait surface un jour en lui proposant d’adopter ensemble un enfant – trop peu, trop tard. Et encore, il n’est pas pour elle l’homme le plus dangereux. Celui-là s’appelle Alexeï, jeune diplomate russe aisé, charmeur, qui lui apparaît d’abord tel un démon venu torpiller sa mission – pour protéger le régime Assad affidé de Moscou – puis s’installe dans sa vie comme un ange interdit, dans une relation amoureuse intermittente et contre-nature à laquelle se raccroche une Alya épuisée de solitude, plombée par un alcoolisme qui va et vient, mais voulant mener à bien sa mission au risque même de laisser sans le voir son désarroi prendre la barre.

Sans rien divulgâcher, pas de happy end dans La Négociatrice, mais un petit coup de main de la chance, ou d’autre chose pour qui y croit, qui évite à Alya le pire sans pour autant lui offrir le meilleur. Disons, peut-être pas tout de suite. Et toujours, tout au long de la lecture du roman, ce désir de prendre la main d’Alya, de lui offrir une épaule où se blottir, de lui dire combien elle se trompe et de la ramener à la raison, sans certitude d’y parvenir.

A l’Association of World Citizens (AWC) également, la négociation joue un rôle central, comme tout ce qui forme le peacebuilding. Bien entendu, les organisations non-gouvernementales (ONG) comme la nôtre ne sont jamais sujettes aux mêmes attentes que l’ONU, la Ligue arabe ou quelque autre organisme interétatique que ce soit. Désormais majoritaires – j’ai moi-même largement œuvré pour cela – parmi nos Officiers et Représentants, les femmes servant dans nos rangs ne connaissent pas les pressions professionnelles et familiales d’une Alya, même si le milieu de la diplomatie internationale n’est pas moins clément envers les opératrices non-gouvernementales pour lesquelles être une femme demeure, comme dans tant d’autres milieux, une quasi-disqualification d’office.

J’hésite à leur demander à toutes de lire La Négociatrice, en particulier aux plus jeunes d’entre elles qui rêvent peut-être un jour de franchir le pas entre notre ONG et la diplomatie (inter)gouvernementale. J’hésite parce que, comme le vit Alya dans le récit, la destination est pour moi claire mais le trajet, tout à coup, plus tellement. A moins que, bien sûr, la vraie raison n’en soit que seule la vérité blesse, et qu’un ouvrage que l’on hésite à partager soit précisément celui que l’on doit mettre entre toutes les mains, surtout celles de jeunes femmes que l’on prend le risque de dissuader, car, tout à propos, ce risque marche avec l’espoir – et la chance – de leur donner au contraire l’envie d’affronter des obstacles qui, là où une diplomate uchronique trébuche, seront pour elles les pierres à collectionner quand on les leur jette car c’est le début d’un piédestal, comme le disait Hector Berlioz.

Je pense donc que je vais le leur recommander. Par chance, il convient à tous les budgets.

Bernard J. Henry est Officier des Relations Extérieures de l’Association of World Citizens.